// Copyright 1999
// College of Computer Science
// Northeastern University Boston MA 02115

// This software may be used for educational purposes 
// as long as this copyright notice is retained at the top of all files

// Should this software be modified, the words "Modified from Original" 
// must be included as a comment below this notice

// All publication rights are retained.  This software or its documentation 
// may not be published in any media either in whole or in part.

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

//	Exercise Set 1:	Using int, string, reading and writing standard input
//	Goals:			First introduction to programming

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// The standard include files that include traditional C and C++ headers and
// many other Core Tools headers ... see CHeaders.h for additional details

#include "IOTools.h"			// robust input and formatted output
#include "Graphics.h"			// windows, graphics, color, text, & tools
#include "Random.h"				// random numbers
#include "Delay.h"				// delays
#include "Hex.h"				// hex output for pointers
#include "VectorMatrix.h"		// double precision arrays
#include "FileTool.h"			// file input-output and file dialog boxes

// Enter project specific include files here as well as classes and functions
// that you choose to define in the main shell rather than in separate files

// prototypes

void Exercise1();
void Exercise2();
void Exercise3();
void Exercise4();
void Exercise5();
void Exercise6();
void Exercise7();
void Exercise8();
void Exercise9();
void Exercise10();


// definitions
void Exercise1(){
// Ask user to type in two numbers 
// Print the product
// Use raw read pattern
	
	// code starts here
	cout << "We will compute the product of two numbers." << endl;

	int n;								// declare integer variable n 
										// for the 1st number
	cout << "Type in a number: ";		// prompt the user to type in a number
	cin >> n;							// record the typed number as n
	
	int m;								// declare integer variable m 
										// for the 2nd number
	cout << "Type in a number: ";		// prompt the user to type in a number
	cin >> m;							// record the typed number as m
	
	cout << "The first number is: " << n << endl;	// print the first number
	cout << "The second number is: " << m << endl;	// print the second number

	cout << "The product is " << n * m << endl;		// print the product
	
	// code ends here
	cin.ignore();	
};

void Exercise2(){
// Ask user to type in her name and her home town
// Print 'Name from Town'
// Use raw read pattern.
	
	// code starts here
	cout << "Test input of name and home town using cin." << endl;

	string name;						// declare string object name 
										// for person's name
	cout << "Type in your name: ";		// prompt the user to type in her name
	cin >> name;						// record the input as name
	
	string town;						// declare string object town 
										// for the home town
	cout << "Type in your home town: ";	// prompt to type in her home town
	cin >> town;						// record the input as town
	
	cout << name << " from " << town << endl;	// print 'Myname from Mytown'
	
	// code ends here
};

void Exercise3(){
// Ask the user to type in the length in feet and inches
// Print the length in inches

	// code starts here
	cout << "Convert feet and inches into total inches." << endl;
	cout << "Assume feet and inches are given as whole numbers." << endl;
	cout << "Uses Verified Read / IOTools." << endl;

	int feet;								// variable feet to store 
											// the number of feet
	feet = RequestInt("How many feet?");	// initialize feet from user input
	
	int inches = RequestInt("How many inches?");	// declare and initialize 
													// inches from user input
	
	int total = feet * 12 + inches;						// store the product 
														// in variable total
	cout << "Length in inches is " << total << endl;	// print the result
	
	// code ends here
	
};

void Exercise4(){
// Ask the user to type in his name and his home town
// Print 'Name from Town'
// Note: Here you can use names with two or more words

	// code starts here
	cout << "Test input of name and town using Verified Read." << endl;

	string name;								// declare string object name 
												// for person's name 
	RequestString("Type in your name:", name);	// prompt to type in her name
												// record the input as name
	
	string town;								// declare string object town 
												// for the home town

	// prompt the user to type in home town and record the input as town
	RequestString("Type in your home town:", town);	
	
	cout << name << " from " << town << endl;	// print 'Myname from Mytown'
	
	// code ends here

};

void Exercise5(){
// Ask the user to type in name and age
// Print 'Name is xx years old'

	// code starts here
	cout << "Input name and age, print a message." << endl;

	string name;								// declare string object name 
												// for person's name

	// prompt the user to type in a person's name and record the input as name
	RequestString("Type in person's name:", name);	
	
	// declare integer variable for person's age 
	// prompt the user to type the age and record the input as age
	int age = RequestInt("Type in this person's age:");	
	
	// print a message about the name and age
	cout << name << " is " << age << " years old." << endl;	
	
	// code ends here

};

void Exercise6(){
// Read in how many quarters, dimes, nickles, and pennies are there in a pile
// Print how much money is there in dollars and cents

	// code starts here
	cout << "Program to compute the total worth of coins." << endl;

	// declare and initialize 
	int quarters = RequestInt("Count the quarters:");	// 	number of quarters
	int dimes    = RequestInt("Count the dimes:");		//	number of dimes
	int nickels  = RequestInt("Count the nickels:");	// 	number of nickels
	int pennies  = RequestInt("Count the pennies:");	//	number of pennies
	
	// compute total amount in cents
	int total = 25 * quarters + 10 * dimes + 5 * nickels + pennies; 
	
	// compute and save number of whole dollars in the pile
	int dollars = total / 100;
				
	// compute and save the worth of the remaining change in cents
	int cents = total % 100;						
	
	// print the result
	cout << "There is $" << dollars << "." << cents << " in the pile." << endl; 
	
	// code ends here


};

void Exercise7(){
// You plan to visit a friend in another town
// You know the distance in miles
// Figure out how long will you have to drive at a given speed to get there

	// code starts here
	cout << "Compute the duration of a trip, given distance in miles" << endl;
	cout << "and speed in miles per hour." << endl;

	// determine the distance to travel
	double distance = RequestDouble("How far are you traveling?");
	
	// determine the average speed
	double speed = RequestDouble("What will be your average speed?");
	
	// time needed in hours and fractions of hours
	double time = distance/speed;
	
	// record how many whoule hours are needed
	int hours = time;							
	
	// compute the remaining fraction of hour needed for the trip
	time = time - hours;

	// convert to minutes
	int minutes = time*60;	

	// print the results
	cout << "You will travel for " << hours << " hours and ";
	cout << minutes << " minutes." << endl;
		
	// code ends here

};

void Exercise8(){
// Your hike description gives you the starting and ending elevation (in feet)
// and the length of the hike (one way) in miles
// Print how many feet did you climb for each mile of the hike

	// code starts here
	cout << "Compute average rate of climb on a hike, " << endl;
	cout << "given the starting and eneding elevation in feet and " << endl;
	cout << "the length of the hike in miles (including fractions of a mile).";
	cout << endl;

	// next three lines are self-explanatory through choice of names and prompts
	int start     = RequestInt("Starting elevation (in feet):");
	int finish    = RequestInt("Final elevation (in feet):");
	double length = RequestDouble("Length of the hike (in miles):");
	
	int rise = finish - start;			// compute the height of the climb
	int rate = rise / length;			// compute the rate of climb
	
	cout << "On average, you will climb " << rate << " feet per mile." << endl;
	
	// code ends here

};

void Exercise9(){
// You are going to compute your gross pay for the past week
// Hours over 40 are paid at 1.5 times the regular hourly rate
//
// Note: This program uses a built-in function m = max(a, b); 
// This function assigns to the variable m the value of the larger 
// of the two quantities a or b

	// code starts here
	cout << "Computes pay, given hours and minutes worked ";
	cout << "and the hourly pay rate." << endl;
	cout << "Overtime over 40 hours is paid at 1.5 times hourly rate." << endl;

	// next three lines are self-explanatory through choice of names and prompts
	int hours   = RequestInt("How many hours did you work?");
	int minutes = RequestInt("and how many more minutes?");
	double rate = RequestDouble("Enter your hourly wage:");
	
	// total minutes worked
	int totalMinutes = hours * 60 + minutes;

	// regular fulltime 40 hours * 60 minutes
	int fulltime = 40 * 60;
	
	// compute the overtime
	// if totalMinutes - fulltime is >0, this is the overtime
	// if totalMinutes - fulltime is <=0, there is no overtime
	int overTime = max (0, totalMinutes - fulltime);
	
	// compute the pay rate in cents per minute
	double rateInCentsPerMinute = (100 * rate)/60;

	// get total pay in cents
	int payInCents = (totalMinutes + 0.5 * overTime) * rateInCentsPerMinute;
	
	// compute whole dollars and the remaining cents
	int dollars = payInCents / 100;
	int cents = payInCents % 100;
	
	// print the result
	cout << "You earning are $" << dollars << "." << cents << " ." << endl;
	
	// code ends here

};

void Exercise10(){
// Type in the race result as hours, minutes and seconds
// Type in the race distance in miles (with decimals)
// Print average speed per mile

	// code starts here
	cout << "Computes average time to run a mile in a race, " << endl;
	cout << "given the race distance in miles (with decimals) " << endl;
	cout << "and the finish time in hours, minutes and seconds." << endl;

	int hours    = RequestInt("Hours:");
	int minutes  = RequestInt("Minutes:");
	int seconds  = RequestInt("Seconds:");
	double miles = RequestDouble("Race length in miles:");
	
	// compute how many seconds did the runner run
	int timeInSeconds = (hours * 60 + minutes) * 60 + seconds;

	// compute the rate in seconds per mile
	double rate = timeInSeconds/miles;			
	
	// convert to record whole minutes
	int rateInMinutes = rate/60;
	
	// and the remaining seconds
	int rateInSeconds = rate - rateInMinutes*60;	
	
	cout << "You ran the race at the rate of " << rateInMinutes << ":";
	cout << rateInSeconds << " per mile." << endl;
	
	// code ends here

};


int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {

	// Use the following line if you choose NOT to open any graphics windows
	// InitializeConsole();

	// Build graphics window 0
	GraphicsWindow GW0(300, 300);

	// Move the console below graphics window 0
	ConsolePlaceBelow(0);

	// Give the console the focus for user interaction
	MakeConsoleForeground();

//////////

	try {
		// Enter the main action here within the try clause

		// loop to run another exercise
		while (Confirm("Another exercise?", true)){	
			
			// determine which exercise to run
			// the default moves you to the next one
			i = RequestInt("Exercise number: ", i);
			
			// notify user of the accepted selection
			cout << endl << "Exercise " << i << endl;
			
			// run the appropriate exercise
			switch (i){									
				case 1: {
						Exercise1();
						break;
						}
				case 2: {
						Exercise2();
						break;
						}
				case 3: {
						Exercise3();
						break;
						}
				case 4: {
						Exercise4();
						break;
						}
				case 5: {
						Exercise5();
						break;
						}
				case 6: {
						Exercise6();
						break;
						}
				case 7: {
						Exercise7();
						break;
						}
				case 8: {
						Exercise8();
						break;
						}
				case 9: {
						Exercise9();
						break;
						}
				case 10: {
						Exercise10();
						break;
						}
				default:
						Exercise1();
			
			};
			// next time, continue with the next exercise
			i = (i+1);			

			// we only have 10 exercises - cycle through again
			if (i > 10)			
				i = 1;
			cout << endl;

		}
		// done
	}
	catch (string& error_message) {
		cout << "error: " << error_message << endl << endl;
	}
	catch (...) {
		cout << "error: unknown exception" << endl << endl;
	}

//////////

	// The lines below make sure that the graphics windows remain open just
	// before the program terminates

	PressReturn("\nThe main program is about to terminate\n");

	return 0;
}