Hi David: I talked about your remark in the seminar with Raj and he convinced me that this is the best way to define the concepts. A graph G is a customizer of a graph S= (V,E), if G contains V and if S contains an edge (u,v) then G contains a path from u to v. A graph G is a refinement-customizer of a graph S =(V,E), if G contains V and if S contains an edge (u,v) then G contains a V-pure path from u to v. A W-pure path from i to j is a path where i and j are in W and none of the inner nodes of the path are in W. What happened with the transitive closure definition: A graph G is a customizer of a graph S= (V,E), if S is a connected subgraph of the transitive closure of G. We felt that this is more complex to parse. -- Karl