/****************************************************************************
	 *   Copyright (C) 2006-2010 by Jason Ansel, Kapil Arya, and Gene Cooperman *
	 *   jansel@csail.mit.edu, kapil@ccs.neu.edu, gene@ccs.neu.edu              *
	 *                                                                          *
	 *   This file is part of the dmtcp/src module of DMTCP (DMTCP:dmtcp/src).  *
	 *                                                                          *
	 *  DMTCP:dmtcp/src is free software: you can redistribute it and/or        *
	 *  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as   *
	 *  published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the      *
	 *  License, or (at your option) any later version.                         *
	 *                                                                          *
	 *  DMTCP:dmtcp/src is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,      *
	 *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of          *
	 *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the           *
	 *  GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.                     *
	 *                                                                          *
	 *  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public        *
	 *  License along with DMTCP:dmtcp/src.  If not, see                        *
	 *  <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.                                         *
	 ****************************************************************************/
	
	#include <unistd.h>
	
	#include <stdlib.h>
	#include <string>
	#include <stdio.h>
	#include  "../jalib/jassert.h"
	#include  "../jalib/jfilesystem.h"
	#include "connectionmanager.h"
	#include "dmtcpworker.h"
	#include "dmtcpmessagetypes.h"
	#include "connectionstate.h"
	#include "mtcpinterface.h"
	#include "syscallwrappers.h"
	#include "protectedfds.h"
	#include "util.h"
	#include <sys/types.h>
	#include <sys/stat.h>
	#include <fcntl.h>
	#include <errno.h>
	#include <vector>
	
	// Some global definitions
	static dmtcp::UniquePid compGroup;
	static int numPeers;
	static int coordTstamp = 0;
	
	dmtcp::string dmtcpTmpDir = "/DMTCP/UnInitialized/Tmp/Dir";
	
	using namespace dmtcp;
	
	#ifdef PID_VIRTUALIZATION
	static void openOriginalToCurrentMappingFiles();
	void unlockPidMapFile();
	#endif
	static void runMtcpRestore ( const char* path, int offset );
	
	namespace
	{
	
	#ifdef PID_VIRTUALIZATION
	
	  class OriginalPidTable {
	    public:
	      OriginalPidTable(){}
	
	      void insertFromVirtualPidTable ( dmtcp::VirtualPidTable& vt )
	      {
	        dmtcp::vector< pid_t > tmpVector;
	
	        _insert(vt.pid());
	
	        tmpVector = vt.getChildPidVector();
	        for ( size_t i = 0; i < tmpVector.size(); ++i )
	          _insert(tmpVector[i]);
	
	        tmpVector = vt.getTidVector();
	        for ( size_t i = 0; i < tmpVector.size(); ++i )
	          _insert(tmpVector[i]);
	      }
	
	      void _insert( pid_t pid )
	      {
	        if (!isConflictingChildPid (pid) /* && newVector[i] != getpid()*/) {
	          _vector.push_back ( pid );
	          JTRACE("New Pid Pushed to PidVector") (pid);
	        }
	      }
	
	      bool isConflictingChildPid ( pid_t pid )
	      {
	        //iterator i = _vector.find ( pid );
	        //if ( i == _vector.end() )
	        //  return false;
	        for ( size_t i = 0; i < _vector.size(); ++i )
	          if ( _vector[i] == pid )
	            return true;
	
	        return false;
	      }
	
	      size_t numPids () { return _vector.size(); }
	
	    private:
	      typedef dmtcp::vector< pid_t >::iterator iterator;
	      dmtcp::vector< pid_t > _vector;
	  };
	
	  OriginalPidTable originalPidTable;
	
	#endif
	
	
	  class RestoreTarget
	  {
	  public:
	    RestoreTarget ( const dmtcp::string& path )
	      : _path ( path )
	    {
	      JASSERT ( jalib::Filesystem::FileExists ( _path ) ) ( _path )
			.Text ( "checkpoint file missing" );
	#ifdef PID_VIRTUALIZATION
	      _offset = _conToFd.loadFromFile(_path, _compGroup, _numPeers,
					      _virtualPidTable);
	      _virtualPidTable.erase(getpid());
	      _roots.clear();
	      _children.clear();
	      _smap.clear();
	      _used = 0;
	#else
	      _offset = _conToFd.loadFromFile(_path, _compGroup, _numPeers);
	#endif
	      JTRACE ( "restore target" ) ( _path ) (_numPeers ) (_compGroup)
		                          ( _conToFd.size() ) (_offset);
	    }
	
	    void dupAllSockets ( SlidingFdTable& slidingFd )
	    {
	      int lastfd = -1;
	      dmtcp::vector<int> fdlist;
	      for ( ConnectionToFds::const_iterator i = _conToFd.begin();
		    i!=_conToFd.end(); ++i )
	        {
	          Connection& con = ConnectionList::instance() [i->first];
	          if ( con.conType() == Connection::INVALID ){
	            JWARNING(false)(i->first).Text("Can't restore invalid Connection");
	            continue;
	          }
	
	          const dmtcp::vector<int>& fds = i->second;
	          for ( size_t x=0; x<fds.size(); ++x )
		    {
		      int fd = fds[x];
		      fdlist.push_back ( fd );
		      slidingFd.freeUpFd ( fd );
		      int oldFd = slidingFd.getFdFor ( i->first );
		      JTRACE ( "restoring fd" ) ( i->first ) ( oldFd ) ( fd );
		      //let connection do custom dup2 handling
		      con.restartDup2( oldFd, fd );
	
		      if ( fd > lastfd )
			{
			  lastfd = fd;
			}
		    }
	        }
	
	      size_t j;
	      for ( int i = 0 ; i < slidingFd.startFd() ; i++ )
	        {
	          for ( j = 0 ; j < fdlist.size() ; j++ )
		    {
		      if ( fdlist.at ( j ) == i )
			break;
		    }
	          if ( j == fdlist.size() )
		    {
		      _real_close ( i );
		    }
	        }
	
	      slidingFd.closeAll();
	    }
				
	    int find_stdin( SlidingFdTable& slidingFd )
	    {
	      for ( ConnectionToFds::const_iterator i = _conToFd.begin();
	          i!=_conToFd.end(); ++i )
	      {
	        const dmtcp::vector<int>& fds = i->second;
	        for ( size_t x=0; x<fds.size(); ++x )
	        {
	          if (fds[x] == STDIN_FILENO){
	            JTRACE("Found stdin: fds[x] <---> slidingFd.getFdFor()")
	              (x) (fds[x]) (slidingFd.getFdFor ( i->first ));
	            return slidingFd.getFdFor ( i->first );
	          }
	        }
	      }
	      return -1;
	    }
	
	    void mtcpRestart()
	    {
	      runMtcpRestore ( _path.c_str(), _offset );
	    }
	
	    const UniquePid& pid() const { return _conToFd.pid(); }
	    const dmtcp::string& procname() const { return _conToFd.procname(); }
	
	#ifdef PID_VIRTUALIZATION
	    typedef map<pid_t,bool> sidMapping;
	    typedef sidMapping::iterator s_iterator;
	    typedef vector<RestoreTarget *>::iterator t_iterator;
	
	    VirtualPidTable& getVirtualPidTable() { return _virtualPidTable; }
	    void addChild(RestoreTarget *t){ _children.push_back(t); }
	
	    bool isSessionLeader(){
	      JTRACE("")(_virtualPidTable.sid()) (pid().pid());
	      if( _virtualPidTable.sid() == pid().pid() )
		return true;
	      else
		return false;
	    }
	
	    bool isGroupLeader(){
	      JTRACE("")(_virtualPidTable.sid()) (pid().pid());
	      if( _virtualPidTable.gid() == pid().pid() )
		return true;
	      else
		return false;
	    }
	
	    bool isForegroundProcess() {
	      JTRACE("")(_virtualPidTable.sid()) (pid().pid());
	      if( _virtualPidTable.fgid() == _virtualPidTable.gid() )
		return true;
	      else
		return false;
	    }
	
	    bool isInitChild(){
	      JTRACE("")(_virtualPidTable.ppid());
	      if( _virtualPidTable.ppid() == 1 )
		return true;
	      else
		return false;
	    }
	
	    int addRoot(RestoreTarget *t, pid_t sid){
	      if( isSessionLeader() && _virtualPidTable.sid() == sid ){
		_roots.push_back(t);
		return 1;
	      }else{
		t_iterator it = _children.begin();
		for(; it != _children.end(); it++){
		  if( (*it)->addRoot(t, sid) )
		    return 1;
		}
	      }
	      return 0;
	    }
	
	    // Traverse this process subtree and setup information about sessions
	    //   and their leaders for all children.
	    sidMapping &setupSessions() {
	      pid_t sid = _virtualPidTable.sid();
	      if( !_children.size() ) {
		_smap[sid] = isSessionLeader();
		return _smap;
	      }
	      // We have at least one child
	      t_iterator it = _children.begin();
	      _smap = (*it)->setupSessions();
	      for(it++; it != _children.end();it++) {
		sidMapping tmp = (*it)->setupSessions();
		s_iterator it1 = tmp.begin();
		for(;it1 != tmp.end(); it1++) {
		  s_iterator it2 = _smap.find(it1->first);
		  if( it2 != _smap.end() ) {
		    // mapping already exist
		    if( it2->second != it1->second ) {
		      // Session was created after child creation.  So child from one
		      // thread cannot be member of session of child from other thread.
		      JASSERT(false). Text("One child contains session leader"
					   " and other contains session member!\n");
		      exit(0);
		    }
		  } else {
		    // add new mapping
		    _smap[it1->first] = it1->second;
		  }
		}
	      }
	
	      s_iterator sit = _smap.find(sid);
	      if( sit != _smap.end() ) {
		if( sit->second && !isSessionLeader() ) {
		  // child is leader and parent is slave - impossible
		  JASSERT(false)
		         .Text("child is leader and parent is slave - impossible\n");
		  exit(0);
		}
	      }
	      _smap[sid] = isSessionLeader();
	      return _smap;
	}
	
	    void printMapping(){
	      t_iterator it = _children.begin();
	      for(; it != _children.end(); it++){
		(*it)->printMapping();
	      }
	      JTRACE("")(pid());
	      s_iterator sit = _smap.begin();
	      for(; sit != _smap.end(); sit++){
		JTRACE("") (sit->first) (sit->second);
	      }
	    }
	
	    sidMapping &getSmap(){ return _smap; }
	
	    pid_t checkDependence(RestoreTarget *t){
	      sidMapping smap = t->getSmap();
	      s_iterator ext = smap.begin();
	      // Run through sessions --> has leader mapping
	      for(; ext != smap.end(); ext++){
		if( ext->second == false ){
		  // Session pointed by ext has no leader in target t process tree
		  s_iterator intern = _smap.find(ext->first);
		  if( intern != _smap.end() && intern->second == true ){
		    // internal target has session leader in its tree
		    // TODO: can process trees be connected through several sessions?
		    return ext->first;
		  }
		}
	      }
	      return -1;
	    }
	
	    void bringToForeground(SlidingFdTable& slidingFd)
	    {
	      char controllingTerm[L_ctermid];
	      pid_t pid;
	
	      int sin = find_stdin(slidingFd);
	
	      if( isSessionLeader() ){
	        // XXX: Where is the controlling terminal being set?
		char *ptr =  ttyname(sin);
		int fd = open(ptr,O_RDWR);
		if( ctermid(controllingTerm) ){
		  int tfd = open(ptr,O_RDONLY);
		  if( tfd >= 0 ){
		    JTRACE("Setting current controlling terminal") (controllingTerm);
		    close(tfd);
		  }else if (ptr == NULL){
	            JTRACE("Cannot restore controlling terminal") (ttyname(sin));
	          } else {
		    JWARNING(false) (ttyname(sin)) 
	                    .Text("Cannot restore controlling terminal");
		  }
		}
		if (fd >= 0) close(fd);
	      }
	
	      pid_t gid = getpgid(0);
	      pid_t fgid = tcgetpgrp(sin);
	
	      if( !isForegroundProcess() )
		return;
	      if( !isGroupLeader()  ){
		return;
	      }
	
	      if( gid != fgid ){
		if( !(pid = fork()) ){ // fork subversive process
		  // This process moves itself to current foreground group
		  // and then changes foreground group to what we need
		  // so it works as a spy, saboteur or wrecker :)
		  // -- Artem
		  JTRACE("Change current GID to foreground GID.");
	
		if( setpgid(0, fgid) ){
	          if (fgid == -1) {
	            JTRACE("CANNOT Change current GID to foreground GID")
	                  (getpid()) (fgid) (_virtualPidTable.fgid()) (gid) (JASSERT_ERRNO);
	          } else {
	            JWARNING(false) 
	                     (getpid()) (fgid) (_virtualPidTable.fgid()) (gid) (JASSERT_ERRNO)
	                    .Text("CANNOT Change current GID to foreground GID");
	          }
	 	  fflush(stdout);
	 	  exit(0);
		}
	
	        if( tcsetpgrp(sin, gid) ){
		  printf("CANNOT Move parent GID to foreground: %s\n",
			 strerror(errno));
	 	  printf("PID=%d, FGID=%d, GID=%d\n",getpid(),fgid,gid);
	 	  printf("PID=%d, FGID=%d, _FGID=%d, GID=%d\n",
			 getpid(),fgid,_virtualPidTable.fgid(), gid);
	 	  fflush(stdout);
	 	  exit(0);
	 	  }
	
		  JTRACE("Finish foregrounding.")(getpid())(getpgid(0))(tcgetpgrp(0));
		  exit(0);
		}else{
		  int status;
		  wait(&status);
		}
	      }
	    }
	
	    void restoreGroup( SlidingFdTable& slidingFd )
	    {
	      if( isGroupLeader() ){
		// create new group where this process becomes a leader
		JTRACE("Create new group.");
		setpgid(0, 0);
		bringToForeground(slidingFd);
	      }
	    }
	
	    void CreateProcess(DmtcpWorker& worker, SlidingFdTable& slidingFd)
	    {
	      dmtcp::ostringstream o;
	      o << dmtcpTmpDir << "/jassertlog." << pid();
	      JASSERT_INIT(o.str());
	
	      //change UniquePid
	      UniquePid::resetOnFork(pid());
	      VirtualPidTable &vt = _virtualPidTable;
	
	      JTRACE("")(_real_getpid())(_real_getppid())(_real_getsid(0));
	
	      vt.updateMapping(pid().pid(), _real_getpid());
	      pid_t psid = vt.sid();
	
	      if( !isSessionLeader() ){
	
		// Restore group information
		restoreGroup(slidingFd);
	
		// If process is not session leader, restore it and all children.
		t_iterator it = _children.begin();
		for(; it != _children.end(); it++){
		  JTRACE ( "Forking Child Process" ) ( (*it)->pid() );
		  pid_t cid = forkChild();
	
		  if ( cid == 0 )
	            {
	              (*it)->CreateProcess (worker, slidingFd);
	              JASSERT ( false ) . Text ( "Unreachable" );
	            }
		  JASSERT ( cid > 0 );
		  VirtualPidTable::iterator vit = vt.begin();
		  for(; vit != vt.end(); vit++){
		    if( (*it)->pid() == vit->second ){
		      vt.updateMapping ( vit->first, cid );
		      break;
		    }
		  }
	
		}
	      }else{
		// Process is session leader.
		// There may be not setsid-ed children.
		for(t_iterator it = _children.begin(); it != _children.end(); it++){
		  s_iterator sit = (*it)->getSmap().find(psid);
		  JTRACE("Restore processes that was created before their parent called setsid()");
		  if( sit == (*it)->getSmap().end() ){
		    JTRACE ( "Forking Child Process" ) ( (*it)->pid() );
		    pid_t cid = forkChild();
		    if ( cid == 0 )
		      {
			(*it)->CreateProcess (worker, slidingFd);
			JASSERT ( false ) . Text ( "Unreachable" );
		      }
		    JASSERT ( cid > 0 );
		    VirtualPidTable::iterator vit = _virtualPidTable.begin();
		    for(; vit != _virtualPidTable.end(); vit++){
		      if( (*it)->pid() == vit->second ){
			_virtualPidTable.updateMapping ( vit->first, cid );
		      }
		    }
		  }
		}
	
		pid_t nsid = setsid();
		JTRACE("change SID")(nsid);
		
		// Restore group information
		restoreGroup(slidingFd);
	
		for(t_iterator it = _children.begin(); it != _children.end(); it++) {
		  JTRACE("Restore processes that was created after their parent called setsid()");
		  s_iterator sit = (*it)->getSmap().find(psid);
		  if( sit != (*it)->getSmap().end() ) {
		    JTRACE ( "Forking Child Process" ) ( (*it)->pid() );
		    pid_t cid = forkChild();
		    if ( cid == 0 ){
		      (*it)->CreateProcess (worker, slidingFd );
		      JASSERT ( false ) . Text ( "Unreachable" );
		    }
		    JASSERT ( cid> 0 );
		    VirtualPidTable::iterator vit = _virtualPidTable.begin();
		    for(; vit != _virtualPidTable.end(); vit++) {
		      if( (*it)->pid() == vit->second ) {
			_virtualPidTable.updateMapping ( vit->first, cid );
		      }
		    }
		  }
		}
	
		for(t_iterator it = _roots.begin() ; it != _roots.end(); it++) {
		  JTRACE ( "Forking Dependent Root Process" ) ( (*it)->pid() );
		  pid_t cid;
		  if( (cid = fork()) ){
		    waitpid(cid, NULL, 0);
		  }else{
		    if( fork() )
		      exit(0);
		    (*it)->CreateProcess(worker, slidingFd );
		    JASSERT (false) . Text( "Unreachable" );
		  }
		}
	      }
	
	      JTRACE("Child and dependent root processes forked, restoring process")
		    (pid())(getpid())(isGroupLeader());
	      // Save PID mapping information
	      pid_t orig = pid().pid();
	      pid_t curr = _real_getpid();
	      dmtcp::VirtualPidTable::InsertIntoPidMapFile(orig, curr);
	
	      //Reconnect to dmtcp_coordinator
	      WorkerState::setCurrentState ( WorkerState::RESTARTING );
	      worker.connectToCoordinatorWithoutHandshake();
	      worker.sendCoordinatorHandshake(procname(), _compGroup);
	      dmtcp::string serialFile = dmtcp::UniquePid::pidTableFilename();
	
	      JTRACE ( "PidTableFile: ") ( serialFile ) ( dmtcp::UniquePid::ThisProcess() );
	      jalib::JBinarySerializeWriter tblwr ( serialFile );
	      _virtualPidTable.serialize ( tblwr );
	      tblwr.~JBinarySerializeWriter();
	
	      int stmpfd =  open( serialFile.c_str(), O_RDONLY);
	      JASSERT ( stmpfd >= 0 ) ( serialFile ) ( errno );
	
	      JASSERT ( dup2 ( stmpfd, PROTECTED_PIDTBL_FD) == PROTECTED_PIDTBL_FD )
		      ( serialFile ) ( stmpfd );
	
	      close (stmpfd);
	
	      //restart targets[i]
	      dupAllSockets ( slidingFd );
	
	      mtcpRestart();
	
	      JASSERT ( false ).Text ( "unreachable" );
	    }
	
	
	    static pid_t forkChild()
	    {
	      while ( 1 ) {
	
		pid_t childPid = fork();
	
		JASSERT ( childPid != -1 ) .Text ( "fork() failed" );
	
		if ( childPid == 0 ) { /* child process */
		  if ( originalPidTable.isConflictingChildPid ( getpid() ) )
		    _exit(1);
		  else
		    return 0;
		}
		else { /* Parent Process */
		  if ( originalPidTable.isConflictingChildPid ( childPid ) ) {
		    JTRACE( "PID Conflict, creating new child" ) (childPid);
		    waitpid ( childPid, NULL, 0 );
		  }
		  else
		    return childPid;
		}
	      }
	
	      return -1;
	    }
	#endif
	
	    dmtcp::string _path;
	    int _offset;
	    ConnectionToFds _conToFd;
	    UniquePid _compGroup;
	    int _numPeers;
	#ifdef PID_VIRTUALIZATION
	    VirtualPidTable _virtualPidTable;
	    // Links to children of this process
	    vector<RestoreTarget *> _children;
	    // Links to roots that depend on this target
	    // i.e. have SID of this target in its tree.
	    vector<RestoreTarget *> _roots;
	    sidMapping _smap;
	    bool _used;
	#endif
	  };
	
	
	} // end namespace
	
	// gcc-4.3.4 -Wformat=2 issues false positives for warnings unless the format
	// string has at least one format specifier with corresponding format argument.
	// Ubuntu 9.01 uses -Wformat=2 by default.
	static const char* theUsage =
	  "USAGE:\n dmtcp_restart [OPTIONS] <ckpt1.dmtcp> [ckpt2.dmtcp...]\n\n"
	  "OPTIONS:\n"
	  "  --host, -h, (environment variable DMTCP_HOST):\n"
	  "      Hostname where dmtcp_coordinator is run (default: localhost)\n"
	  "  --port, -p, (environment variable DMTCP_PORT):\n"
	  "      Port where dmtcp_coordinator is run (default: 7779)\n"
	  "  --tmpdir, -t, (environment variable DMTCP_TMPDIR):\n"
	  "      Directory to store temporary files \n"
	  "        (default: $TMDPIR/dmtcp-$USER@$HOST or /tmp/dmtcp-$USER@$HOST)\n"
	  "  --join, -j:\n"
	  "      Join an existing coordinator, raise error if one already exists\n"
	  "  --new, -n:\n"
	  "      Create a new coordinator, raise error if one already exists\n"
	  "  --new-coordinator:\n"
	  "      Create a new coordinator even if one already exists\n"
	  "  --batch, -b:\n"
	  "      Enable batch mode i.e. start the coordinator on the same node on\n"
	  "        a randomly assigned port (if no port is specified by --port)\n"
	  "  --interval, -i, (environment variable DMTCP_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL):\n"
	  "      Time in seconds between automatic checkpoints.\n"
	  "      Not allowed if --join is specified\n"
	  "      --batch implies -i 3600, unless otherwise specified.\n"
	  "  --no-check:\n"
	  "      Skip check for valid coordinator and never start one automatically\n"
	  "  --quiet, -q, (or set environment variable DMTCP_QUIET = 0, 1, or 2):\n"
	  "      Skip banner and NOTE messages; if given twice, also skip WARNINGs\n\n"
	  "See http://dmtcp.sf.net/ for more information.\n"
	;
	
	static const char* theBanner =
	  "DMTCP/MTCP  Copyright (C) 2006-2010  Jason Ansel, Michael Rieker,\n"
	  "                                       Kapil Arya, and Gene Cooperman\n"
	  "This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.\n"
	  "This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it\n"
	  "under certain conditions; see COPYING file for details.\n"
	  "(Use flag \"-q\" to hide this message.)\n\n"
	;
	
	//shift args
	#define shift argc--,argv++
	
	dmtcp::vector<RestoreTarget> targets;
	
	#ifdef PID_VIRTUALIZATION
	typedef struct {
	  RestoreTarget *t;
	  bool indep;
	} RootTarget;
	dmtcp::vector<RootTarget> roots;
	void BuildProcessTree();
	void ProcessGroupInfo();
	void SetupSessions();
	
	#endif
	
	int main ( int argc, char** argv )
	{
	  bool autoStartCoordinator=true;
	  bool isRestart = true;
	  int allowedModes = dmtcp::DmtcpWorker::COORD_ANY;
	
	  if (! getenv(ENV_VAR_QUIET))
	    setenv(ENV_VAR_QUIET, "0", 0);
	
	  //process args
	  shift;
	  while(true){
	    dmtcp::string s = argc>0 ? argv[0] : "--help";
	    if(s=="--help" || (s=="-h" && argc==1)){
	      JASSERT_STDERR << theUsage;
	      //fprintf(stderr, theUsage, "");
	      return 1;
	    }else if(s == "--no-check"){
	      autoStartCoordinator = false;
	      shift;
	    }else if(s == "-j" || s == "--join"){
	      allowedModes = dmtcp::DmtcpWorker::COORD_JOIN;
	      shift;
	    }else if(s == "-n" || s == "--new"){
	      allowedModes = dmtcp::DmtcpWorker::COORD_NEW;
	      shift;
	    }else if(s == "--new-coordinator"){
	      allowedModes = dmtcp::DmtcpWorker::COORD_FORCE_NEW;
	      shift;
	    }else if(s == "-b" || s == "--batch"){
	      allowedModes = dmtcp::DmtcpWorker::COORD_BATCH;
	      shift;
	    }else if(s == "-i" || s == "--interval"){
	      setenv(ENV_VAR_CKPT_INTR, argv[1], 1);
	      shift; shift;
	    }else if(argc>1 && (s == "-h" || s == "--host")){
	      setenv(ENV_VAR_NAME_ADDR, argv[1], 1);
	      shift; shift;
	    }else if(argc>1 && (s == "-p" || s == "--port")){
	      setenv(ENV_VAR_NAME_PORT, argv[1], 1);
	      shift; shift;
	    }else if(argc>1 && (s == "-t" || s == "--tmpdir")){
	      setenv(ENV_VAR_TMPDIR, argv[1], 1);
	      shift; shift;
	    }else if(s == "-q" || s == "--quiet"){
	      *getenv(ENV_VAR_QUIET) = *getenv(ENV_VAR_QUIET) + 1;
	      // Just in case a non-standard version of setenv is being used:
	      setenv(ENV_VAR_QUIET, getenv(ENV_VAR_QUIET), 1);
	      shift;
	    }else if( (s.length()>2 && s.substr(0, 2)=="--") ||
	              (s.length()>1 && s.substr(0, 1)=="-" ) ) {
	      JASSERT_STDERR << "Invalid Argument\n";
	      JASSERT_STDERR << theUsage;
	      return 1;
	    }else if(argc>1 && s=="--"){
	      shift;
	      break;
	    }else{
	      break;
	    }
	  }
	
	  dmtcp::UniquePid::setTmpDir(getenv(ENV_VAR_TMPDIR));
	  dmtcpTmpDir = dmtcp::UniquePid::getTmpDir();
	
	  jassert_quiet = *getenv(ENV_VAR_QUIET) - '0';
	
	  if (jassert_quiet == 0)
	    JASSERT_STDERR << theBanner;
	
	  if (autoStartCoordinator)
	    dmtcp::DmtcpWorker::startCoordinatorIfNeeded(allowedModes, isRestart);
	
	  //make sure JASSERT initializes now, rather than during restart
	  dmtcp::ostringstream o;
	  o << dmtcpTmpDir << "/jassertlog." << dmtcp::UniquePid(getpid());
	  JASSERT_INIT(o.str());
	  JTRACE("New dmtcp_restart process; _argc_ ckpt images") (argc);
	
	  bool doAbort = false;
	  for(; argc>0; shift){
	    dmtcp::string restorename(argv[0]);
	    struct stat buf;
	    int rc = stat(restorename.c_str(), &buf);
	    if (dmtcp::Util::strStartsWith(restorename, "ckpt_") &&
	        dmtcp::Util::strEndsWith(restorename, "_files")) {
	      continue;
	#ifndef URDB
	    } else if (!dmtcp::Util::strEndsWith(restorename, ".dmtcp")) {
	      JNOTE("File doesn't have .dmtcp extension. Check Usage.")
	        (restorename);
	      JASSERT_STDERR << theUsage;
	      doAbort = true;
	#endif
	    } else if (rc == -1) {
	      char error_msg[1024];
	      sprintf(error_msg, "\ndmtcp_restart: ckpt image %s", restorename.c_str());
	      perror(error_msg);
	      doAbort = true;
	    } else if (buf.st_uid != getuid()) { /*Could also run if geteuid() matches*/
	      printf("\nProcess uid (%d) doesn't match uid (%d) of\n" \
	             "checkpoint image (%s).\n" \
		     "This is dangerous.  Aborting for security reasons.\n" \
	           "If you still want to do this (at your own risk),\n" \
	           "  then modify dmtcp/src/%s:%d and re-compile.\n",
	           getuid(), buf.st_uid, restorename.c_str(), __FILE__, __LINE__ - 6);
	      doAbort = true;
	    }
	    if (doAbort) {
	      exit(1);
	    }
	
	    JTRACE("Will restart ckpt image _argv[0]_") (argv[0]);
	    targets.push_back ( RestoreTarget ( argv[0] ) );
	  }
	
	  if (targets.size() <= 0) {
	    JNOTE("ERROR: No DMTCP checkpoint image(s) found. Check Usage.");
	    JASSERT_STDERR << theUsage;
	    exit(1);
	  }
	
	  SlidingFdTable slidingFd;
	  ConnectionToFds conToFd;
	
	  ConnectionList& connections = ConnectionList::instance();
	  for ( ConnectionList::iterator i = connections.begin()
	                                     ; i!= connections.end()
	          ; ++i )
	  {
	    conToFd[i->first].push_back ( slidingFd.getFdFor ( i->first ) );
	    JTRACE ( "will restore" ) ( i->first ) ( conToFd[i->first].back() );
	  }
	
	  // Check that all targets belongs to one computation group
	  // If not - abort
	  for(size_t i=0; i<targets.size(); i++){
	    JTRACE ( "Check targets: " )
	      ( targets[i]._path ) ( targets[i]._compGroup ) ( targets[i]._numPeers );
	  }
	
	  compGroup = targets[0]._compGroup;
	  numPeers = targets[0]._numPeers;
	  for(size_t i=0; i<targets.size(); i++){
	    if( compGroup != targets[i]._compGroup){
	      JASSERT(false)(compGroup)(targets[i]._compGroup)
		.Text("ERROR: Restored programs belongs to different computation IDs");
	    }else if( numPeers != targets[i]._numPeers ){
	      JASSERT(false)(numPeers)(targets[i]._numPeers)
		.Text("ERROR: Different numpber of processes saved in checkpoint images");
	    }
	  }
	
	  //------------------------
	  DmtcpWorker worker ( false );
	  WorkerState::setCurrentState ( WorkerState::RESTARTING );
	  ConnectionState ckptCoord ( conToFd );
	  worker.restoreSockets ( ckptCoord, compGroup, numPeers, coordTstamp );
	
	#ifndef PID_VIRTUALIZATION
	  int i = (int)targets.size();
	
	  //fork into targs.size() processes
	  while(--i > 0){
	    int cid = fork();
	    if(cid==0) break;
	    else JASSERT(cid>0);
	  }
	  RestoreTarget& targ = targets[i];
	
	  JTRACE("forked, restoring process")(i)(targets.size())(targ.pid())(getpid());
	
	  //change UniquePid
	  UniquePid::resetOnFork(targ.pid());
	
	  //Reconnect to dmtcp_coordinator
	  WorkerState::setCurrentState ( WorkerState::RESTARTING );
	  worker.connectToCoordinatorWithoutHandshake();
	  worker.sendCoordinatorHandshake(targ.procname());
	
	  //restart targets[i]
	  targets[i].dupAllSockets ( slidingFd );
	  targets[i].mtcpRestart();
	
	  JASSERT ( false ).Text ( "unreachable" );
	  return -1;
	#else
	  size_t i = targets.size();
	
	  // Create roots vector, assign children to their parents.
	  // Delete children that don't exist.
	  BuildProcessTree();
	
	  // Process all checkpoints to find one of them that can switch
	  // needed group to foreground.
	  ProcessGroupInfo();
	  // Create session meta-information in each node of the process tree.
	  // Node contains info about all sessions which exists at lower levels.
	  // Also node is aware of session leader existence at lower levels.
	  SetupSessions();
	
	  /* Create the file to hold the pid/tid maps. */
	  openOriginalToCurrentMappingFiles();
	
	  int pgrp_index=-1;
	  JTRACE ( "Creating ROOT Processes" )(roots.size());
	  for ( int j = 0 ; j < roots.size(); ++j )
	  {
	    if( roots[j].indep == false ){
	      // We will restore this process from one of the independent roots.
	      continue;
	    }
	    if (pgrp_index == -1 && !roots[j].t->isInitChild() ){
	      pgrp_index = j;
	      continue;
	    }
	
	    pid_t cid = fork();
	    if ( cid == 0 ){
	      JTRACE ( "Root of process tree" ) ( _real_getpid() ) ( _real_getppid() );
	      if( roots[j].t->isInitChild() ){
	        JTRACE ( "Create init-child process" ) ( _real_getpid() )
						       ( _real_getppid() );
	        if( fork() )
	          _exit(0);
	      }
	      roots[j].t->CreateProcess(worker, slidingFd);
	      JASSERT (false) . Text( "Unreachable" );
	    }
	    JASSERT ( cid > 0 );
	    if( roots[j].t->isInitChild() ){
	      waitpid(cid, NULL, 0);
	    }
	  }
	
	  JTRACE("Restore processes without corresponding Root Target");
	  int flat_index = -1;
	  int j = 0;
	  if( pgrp_index < 0 ){ // No root processes at all
	    // Find first flat process that can replace currently running
	    //   dmtcp_restart context.
	    for (j = 0; j < targets.size(); ++j){
	      if( !targets[j]._used ){
	            // Save first flat-like process to be restored after all others
	            flat_index = j;
	            j++;
	            break;
	      }
	    }
	  }
	  // Use j set to 0 (if at least one root non-init-child process exists),
	  // or else j set to some value if no such process found.
	  for(; j < targets.size(); ++j)
	  {
	    if( !targets[j]._used ){
	      if( pgrp_index < 0 ){
	          // Save first flat-like process to be restored after all others
	          pgrp_index = j;
	          continue;
	      }else{
	        targets[j].CreateProcess(worker, slidingFd);
	        JTRACE("Need in flat-like restore for process")(targets[j].pid());
	      }
	    }
	  }
	
	  if( pgrp_index >=0 ){
	    JTRACE("Restore first Root Target")(roots[pgrp_index].t->pid());
	    roots[pgrp_index].t->CreateProcess(worker, slidingFd);
	  }else if (flat_index >= 0){
	    JTRACE("Restore first Flat Target")(targets[flat_index].pid());
	    targets[flat_index].CreateProcess(worker, slidingFd );
	  }else{
	    // FIXME: Under what conditions will this path be exercised?
	    JNOTE ("unknown type of target?") (targets[flat_index]._path);
	  }
	#endif
	}
	
	#ifdef PID_VIRTUALIZATION
	void BuildProcessTree()
	{
	  for (size_t j = 0; j < targets.size(); ++j)
	  {
	    VirtualPidTable& virtualPidTable = targets[j].getVirtualPidTable();
	    originalPidTable.insertFromVirtualPidTable ( virtualPidTable );
	    if( virtualPidTable.isRootOfProcessTree() == true ){
	      // If this process is independent (root of process tree
	      RootTarget rt;
	      rt.t = &targets[j];
	      rt.indep = true;
	      roots.push_back(rt);
	      targets[j]._used = true;
	    }else if( !targets[j]._used ){
	      // We set used flag if we use target as somebodys child. If it is used - no need to check is it roor
	      // Iterate through all targets and try to find the one who has this process
	      // as child process
	      JTRACE("Process is not root of process tree: try to find if it has parent");
	      bool is_root = true;
	      for (size_t i = 0; i < targets.size(); i++) {
	        VirtualPidTable & virtualPidTable = targets[i].getVirtualPidTable();
	        VirtualPidTable::iterator it;
	        // Search inside the child list of target[j], make sure that i != j
	        for (it = virtualPidTable.begin(); (i != j) && (it != virtualPidTable.end()) ; it++) {
	          UniquePid& childUniquePid = it->second;
	          JTRACE("Check child")(childUniquePid)(" parent ")(targets[i].pid())("checked ")(targets[j].pid());
	          if (childUniquePid == targets[j].pid()){
	            is_root = false;
	            break;
	          }
	        }
	      }
	      JTRACE("Root detection:")(is_root)(targets[j].pid());
	      if( is_root ){
	        RootTarget rt;
	        rt.t = &targets[j];
	        rt.indep = true;
	        roots.push_back(rt);
	        targets[j]._used = true;
	      }
	    }
	
	    // Add all children
	    VirtualPidTable::iterator it;
	    for(it = virtualPidTable.begin(); it != virtualPidTable.end(); it++ ){
	      // find target
	      bool found = false;
	      pid_t childOriginalPid = it->first;
	      UniquePid& childUniquePid = it->second;
	
	      for ( size_t i = 0; i < targets.size(); i++ )
	      {
	        if ( childUniquePid == targets[i].pid() )
	        {
	          found = 1;
	          JTRACE ( "Add child to current target" ) ( targets[j].pid() ) ( childUniquePid );
	          targets[i]._used = true;
	          targets[j].addChild(&targets[i]);
	        }
	      }
	      if ( !found ){
	        JTRACE("Child not found")(childOriginalPid);
	        virtualPidTable.erase( childOriginalPid );
	      }
	    }
	  }
	}
	
	/*
	 * Group processing
	 * 1. Divide all processes into sessions
	 * 2. Divide processes in each session into groups
	 * 3. In each group check that stored foreground values are equal.
	 *    If not, something's wrong:  ABORT
	 * 4. In each session choose the process that can bring appropriate group
	 *    to foreground
	 * 5. Serialize information about chosen UniquePIDs in following
	 *    format: "COUNT:unique-pid1:unique-pid2:..."
	 * 6. Deserialize information from step 5 in forked and restored processes.
	 *
	 */
	
	class group {
	public:
	  group(){
	    gid = -2;
	  }
	  pid_t gid;
	  vector<RestoreTarget*> targets;
	};
	
	class session{
	public:
	  session(){
	    sid = -2;
	    fgid = -2;
	  }
	  pid_t sid;
	  pid_t fgid;
	  map<pid_t,group> groups;
	  typedef map<pid_t,group>::iterator group_it;
	  UniquePid upid;
	};
	
	void ProcessGroupInfo()
	{
	  map<pid_t,session> smap;
	  map<pid_t,session>::iterator it;
	
	  // 1. divide processes into sessions and groups
	  for (size_t j = 0; j < targets.size(); j++)
	  {
	    VirtualPidTable& virtualPidTable = targets[j].getVirtualPidTable();
	    JTRACE("Process ")
	      (virtualPidTable.pid())(virtualPidTable.ppid())(virtualPidTable.sid())
	      (virtualPidTable.gid())(virtualPidTable.fgid())
	      (virtualPidTable.isRootOfProcessTree());
	
	    pid_t sid = virtualPidTable.sid();
	    pid_t gid = virtualPidTable.gid();
	    pid_t fgid = virtualPidTable.fgid();
	
	    /*
	    // If group ID doesn't belong to known PIDs, indicate that fact
	    //   using -1 value.
	    if( !virtualPidTable.pidExists(gid) ){
	    JTRACE("DROP gid")(gid);
	    virtualPidTable.setgid(-1);
	    gid = -1;
	    }
	    // If foreground group ID not belongs to known PIDs,
	    //   indicate that fact using -1 value.
	    if( !virtualPidTable.pidExists(fgid) ){
	    JTRACE("DROP fgid")(fgid);
	    virtualPidTable.setfgid(-1);
	    fgid = -1;
	    }
	    */
	
	    session &s = smap[sid];
	    // if this is first element of this session
	    if( s.sid == -2 ){
	      s.sid = sid;
	    }
	    group &g = smap[sid].groups[gid];
	    // if this is first element of group gid
	    if( g.gid == -2 ){
	      g.gid = gid;
	    }
	    g.targets.push_back(&targets[j]);
	  }
	
	  // 2. Check if foreground setting is correct
	  it = smap.begin();
	  for(;it != smap.end();it++){
	    session &s = it->second;
	    session::group_it g_it = s.groups.begin();
	    pid_t fgid = -2;
	    for(; g_it!=s.groups.end();g_it++){
	      group &g = g_it->second;
	      for(size_t k=0; k<g.targets.size(); k++){
	        VirtualPidTable& virtualPidTable = g.targets[k]->getVirtualPidTable();
	        pid_t cfgid = virtualPidTable.fgid();
	        if( fgid == -2 ){
	          fgid = cfgid;
	        }else if( fgid != -1 && cfgid != -1 && fgid != cfgid ){
	          printf("Error: process from same session stores different"
	              " foreground group ID: %d, %d\n", fgid, cfgid);
	          // DEBUG PRINTOUT:
	          {
	            session::group_it g_it1 = s.groups.begin();
	            for(; g_it1!=s.groups.end();g_it1++){
	              group &g1 = g_it1->second;
	              for(size_t m=0; m<g1.targets.size() ;m++){
	                VirtualPidTable& virtualPidTable = g1.targets[m]->getVirtualPidTable();
	                pid_t pid = virtualPidTable.pid();
	                pid_t cfgid = virtualPidTable.fgid();
	                printf("PID=%d <--> FGID = %d\n",pid,cfgid);
	              }
	            }
	          }
	          abort();
	        }
	      }
	      JTRACE("Checked ")(fgid);
	    }
	    s.fgid = fgid;
	    if( s.groups.find(s.fgid) == s.groups.end() ){
	      // foreground group is missing, don't need to change foreground groop
	      s.fgid = -1;
	    }
	
	    {
	      session::group_it g_it1 = s.groups.begin();
	      for(; g_it1!=s.groups.end();g_it1++){
	        group &g1 = g_it1->second;
	        for(size_t m=0; m<g1.targets.size(); m++){
	          VirtualPidTable& virtualPidTable = g1.targets[m]->getVirtualPidTable();
	          pid_t pid = virtualPidTable.pid();
	          pid_t cfgid = virtualPidTable.fgid();
	          JTRACE("PID=%d <--> FGID = %d")(pid)(cfgid);
	        }
	      }
	    }
	  }
	
	  // Print out session mapping.
	  JTRACE("Session number:")(smap.size());
	  it = smap.begin();
	  for( ; it != smap.end(); it++ ){
	    session &s = it->second;
	    JTRACE("Session printout:")(s.sid)(s.fgid)(s.upid.toString().c_str());
	    session::group_it g_it = s.groups.begin();
	    for(; g_it!=s.groups.end();g_it++){
	      group &g = g_it->second;
	      JTRACE("\tGroup ID: ")(g.gid);
	      /*
	         for(k=0; k<g.targets.size() ;k++){
	         printf("%d ", g.targets[k]->pid().pid());
	         }
	         printf("\n");
	         */
	    }
	  }
	}
	
	void SetupSessions()
	{
	  for(size_t j=0; j < roots.size(); j++){
	    roots[j].t->setupSessions();
	  }
	
	  for(size_t i = 0; i < roots.size(); i++){
	    for(size_t j = 0; j < roots.size(); j++){
	      if( i == j )
	        continue;
	      pid_t sid;
	      if( (sid = (roots[i].t)->checkDependence(roots[j].t)) >= 0 ){
	        // it2 depends on it1
	        JTRACE("Root target j depends on Root target i")(i)(roots[i].t->pid())(j)(roots[j].t->pid());
	        (roots[i].t)->addRoot(roots[j].t, sid);
	        roots[j].indep = false;
	      }
	    }
	  }
	}
	
	int openSharedFile(dmtcp::string name, int flags)
	{
	  int fd;
	  // try to create, truncate & open file
	  if( (fd = open(name.c_str(), O_EXCL|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC | flags, 0600)) >= 0) {
	    return fd;
	  }
	  if (fd < 0 && errno == EEXIST) {
	    if ((fd = open(name.c_str(), flags, 0600)) > 0) {
	      return fd;
	    }
	  }
	  // unable to create & open OR open
	  JASSERT( false )(name)(strerror(errno)).Text("Cannot open file");
	  return -1;
	}
	
	static void openOriginalToCurrentMappingFiles()
	{
	  dmtcp::ostringstream pidMapFile, pidMapCountFile;
	  dmtcp::ostringstream shmidListFile, shmidMapFile;
	  int fd;
	
	  shmidMapFile << dmtcpTmpDir << "/dmtcpShmidMap."
	     << compGroup << "." << std::hex << coordTstamp;
	  shmidListFile << dmtcpTmpDir << "/dmtcpShmidList."
	     << compGroup << "." << std::hex << coordTstamp;
	
	  pidMapFile << dmtcpTmpDir << "/dmtcpPidMap."
	     << compGroup << "." << std::hex << coordTstamp;
	  pidMapCountFile << dmtcpTmpDir << "/dmtcpPidMapCount."
	     << compGroup << "." << std::hex << coordTstamp;
	
	  // Open and create shmidListFile if it doesn't exist.
	  JTRACE("Open dmtcpShmidMapFile")(shmidListFile.str());
	  fd = openSharedFile(shmidListFile.str(), (O_WRONLY|O_APPEND));
	  JASSERT ( fd != -1 );
	  JASSERT ( dup2 ( fd, PROTECTED_SHMIDLIST_FD ) == PROTECTED_SHMIDLIST_FD )
		  ( shmidListFile.str() );
	  close (fd);
	
	  // Open and create shmidMapFile if it doesn't exist.
	  JTRACE("Open dmtcpShmidMapFile")(shmidMapFile.str());
	  fd = openSharedFile(shmidMapFile.str(), (O_WRONLY|O_APPEND));
	  JASSERT ( fd != -1 );
	  JASSERT ( dup2 ( fd, PROTECTED_SHMIDMAP_FD ) == PROTECTED_SHMIDMAP_FD )
		  ( shmidMapFile.str() );
	  close (fd);
	
	  // Open and create pidMapFile if it doesn't exist.
	  JTRACE("Open dmtcpPidMapFile")(pidMapFile.str());
	  fd = openSharedFile(pidMapFile.str(), (O_WRONLY|O_APPEND));
	  JASSERT ( fd != -1 );
	  JASSERT ( dup2 ( fd, PROTECTED_PIDMAP_FD ) == PROTECTED_PIDMAP_FD )
		  ( pidMapFile.str() );
	  close (fd);
	
	  // Open and create pidMapCountFile if it doesn't exist.
	  JTRACE("Open dmtcpPidMapCount files for writing")(pidMapCountFile.str());
	  fd = openSharedFile(pidMapCountFile.str(), O_RDWR);
	  JASSERT ( fd != -1 );
	  JASSERT ( dup2 ( fd, PROTECTED_PIDMAPCNT_FD ) == PROTECTED_PIDMAPCNT_FD )
		  ( pidMapCountFile.str() );
	  close(fd);
	
	  dmtcp::Util::lockFile(PROTECTED_PIDMAPCNT_FD);
	
	  // Initialize pidMapCountFile with zero value.
	  static jalib::JBinarySerializeWriterRaw countwr(pidMapCountFile.str(),
							  PROTECTED_PIDMAPCNT_FD);
	  if( countwr.isempty() ){
	    JTRACE("pidMapCountFile is empty.  Initialize it with count = 0")
	      (pidMapCountFile.str());
	    size_t numMaps = 0;
	    dmtcp::VirtualPidTable::serializeEntryCount (countwr, numMaps);
	    fsync(PROTECTED_PIDMAPCNT_FD);
	  }else{
	    JTRACE("pidMapCountFile is not empty - do nothing");
	  }
	
	  dmtcp::Util::unlockFile(PROTECTED_PIDMAPCNT_FD);
	}
	#endif
	
	static void runMtcpRestore ( const char* path, int offset )
	{
	  static dmtcp::string mtcprestart = jalib::Filesystem::FindHelperUtility ( "mtcp_restart" );
	
	  // Tell mtcp_restart process to write its debugging information to
	  // PROTECTED_STDERR_FD. This way we prevent it from spitting out garbage onto
	  // FD_STDERR if it is being used by the user process in a special way.
	  char protected_stderr_fd_str[16];

	  sprintf(protected_stderr_fd_str, "%d", PROTECTED_STDERR_FD);
	
	#ifdef USE_MTCP_FD_CALLING
	  int fd = ConnectionToFds::openMtcpCheckpointFile(path);
	  char buf[64];
	  sprintf(buf, "%d", fd);
	  char buf2[64];
	  // gzip_child_pid set by openMtcpCheckpointFile() above.
	  sprintf(buf2, "%d", dmtcp::ConnectionToFds::gzip_child_pid);
	
	  char* newArgs[] = {
	    ( char* ) mtcprestart.c_str(),
	    ( char* ) "--stderr-fd",
	    protected_stderr_fd_str,
	    ( char* ) "--fd",
	    buf,
	    ( char* ) "--gzip-child-pid",
	    buf2,
	    NULL
	  };
	  if (dmtcp::ConnectionToFds::gzip_child_pid == -1) // If no gzip compression
	    newArgs[3] = NULL;
	
	  JTRACE ( "launching mtcp_restart --fd" )(fd)(path);
	#else
	  char buf[64];

	  sprintf(buf, "%d", offset);
	
	  char* newArgs[] = {
	    ( char* ) mtcprestart.c_str(),
	    ( char* ) "--stderr-fd",
	    protected_stderr_fd_str,
	    ( char* ) "--offset",
	    buf,
	    (char*) path,
	    NULL
	  };
	
	  JTRACE ( "launching mtcp_restart --offset" )(path)(offset);
	
	#endif
	
	  execvp ( newArgs[0], newArgs );
	  JASSERT ( false ) ( newArgs[0] ) ( newArgs[1] ) ( JASSERT_ERRNO )
	          .Text ( "exec() failed" );
	}