// Copyright 1999

// College of Computer Science

// Northeastern University Boston MA 02115

// This software may be used for educational purposes as long as this copyright

// notice is retained at the top of all files



// Should this software be modified, the words "Modified from Original" must be

// included as a comment below this notice



// All publication rights are retained.  This software or its documentation may

// not be published in any media either in whole or in part.



///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////



// Shell.cpp

//

// The common start program for student and faculty development

// This program shows off most of the C++ covered in com1100

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////



// The standard include files that include traditional C and C++ headers and

// many other Core Tools headers ... see CHeaders.h for additional details

#include "IOTools.h"

#include "Graphics.h"

#include "Random.h"

// #include "FileTool.h" not used in the code.



// Function Prototypes 

// These functions are declared here, before they are called in main.

// Their definitions are below main.

void somestuff();

void otherstuff();

int F(int x, int y);

void SmallChange(int& x, int y);

void WriteArray(int A[], int N);



int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {



	// Use the following line if you choose NOT to open any graphics windows

	// InitializeConsole();



	// Build graphics window 0

	GraphicsWindow GW0(300, 300);



	// Move the console below graphics window 0

	ConsolePlaceBelow(0);



	// Give the console the focus for user interaction

	MakeConsoleForeground();



//////////// Enter the main program here



// variables and assignment, cout

	PressReturn("\nVariables");

	int x = 5;

	int y = 7, z = 9;

	cout << x << ' ' << y << ' ' << z << endl;

	x = y; y = z; z = x;

	cout << x << ' ' << y << ' ' << z << endl;

	x = y; y = z; z = x;

	cout << x << ' ' << y << ' ' << z << endl;



// arithmetic

	PressReturn("\nArithmetic");

	x = 5, y = 2, z = 3;

	cout << x * y + z << endl;

	cout << x * y / y / x << endl;

	cout << x / z << ' ' << x % z << endl;

	cout << y / z << ' ' << y % z << endl;

	cout << x - y * z - x << endl;



// cin

	PressReturn("\nUsing cin");

	x = 5, y = 2, z = 3;

	cout << "Enter integers x, y, z: ";

	cin >> x >> y >> z;				// NO endl

	cout << x << ' ' << y << ' ' << z << endl;

	cin.ignore(); // skips over the end of line character



// simple graphics

	PressReturn("\nSimple Graphics");

// the graphics window

// (0, 0) is the upper right corner

// The Basic Commands

// verbs:	Frame, Paint, Erase, Invert

// objects:	Rect, Oval, Circle

// Also:  DrawLine, ShowText, MoveTo, LineTo

// SetForeColor(red, green, blue);

	SetForeColor(255, 0, 0);	// bright red

	PaintRect(20, 60, 70, 180); // Upper left corner (20, 60)

								// Lower left corner (70, 180)

	EraseOval(20, 60, 70, 180); // White oval in the red rectangle

	SetForeColor(0, 255, 0);	// bright green 

	PaintCircle(150, 50, 30);	// circle with center (150, 50)

								// radius = 30

	SetForeColor(0, 0, 0);		// black

	DrawLine(45, 120, 150, 50); // line from (45, 120) to (150, 50)

								// center of oval to center of circle

	MoveTo(150, 200);			// move the pen but don't draw

	ShowText("(150, 200)");		// writes the text in the draw window, 

								// upper left corner (100, 200)

	MoveTo(100, 200);			// move the pen but don't draw

	LineTo(180, 250);			// draws a line from last pen position to (180, 250)

	ShowText("(180, 250)");	

// for, while, do .. while

// for (start statement; continue condition; update statement){

//		 loop body 

// }

	PressReturn("\nFor Loops");

// What does this loop do?

	for (int N = 1; N <= 15; N += 3)

		cout << N <<" "<< N / 2 << endl;



// Write a loop with this output:

//	1 2 4 8 16 32 64



	PressReturn("\nWhile Loops");

// while (continue condition){

//		loop body

// }

	x = 1;

	y = 1;

	while (x < 200){

		cout << x << "   " << y << endl;

		x = 2*x;

		y = y + x;

	}



	x = 100;

	do {

		cout << x << endl;

		x /= 3;

	} while (x > 1);



// if, if else 

	PressReturn("\nif, if else");

	x = 100;

	if (x % 9 == 1) cout << "OK" << endl;

	if (x % 9 == 3) 

		x = x - 11;

	else

		x = x + 4;

	cout << x << endl;



	cout << endl << "Try 100, 72, 35 for x" << endl;

	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++){

		cout << "enter x:  ";

		cin >> x;						// try 100, 72, 35

		if (x % 5 == 0)

			if (x % 10 == 0)

				cout << "divisible by 10" << endl;

			else

				cout << "not divisible by 5" << endl;

	}

	cin.ignore(); // skips over the end of line character



// logical operators

//	and &&		or ||  		not !

//	equals ==		<	<=	>	>=	!=



	// What is the value of these expressions?

//	(3 < 5) or (7 < 2)

//	(3 < 5) and (7 < 2)



	// Write a C++ logical expression for each of the following:

//	x is between 2y and 3y

//	N is divisible by 10 but not by 5

//	x is the highest integral power of 2 less than y



// switch - We did not do switch this quarter



// Simple Functions - Flow of Control

	PressReturn("\nFunctions - Flow of Control");

	somestuff();

	cout << "Now is the time" << endl;

	otherstuff();

	cout << "For all good dogs" << endl;

	otherstuff();

	somestuff();

	cout << "To find their bones." << endl;



// Functions

	PressReturn("\nFunctions");

	cout << "Testing function F" << endl;

	x = 2; y = 9;

	while (x < y) {

		cout << x << ' ' << y << endl;

		x = F(x, y);

	}

	cout << x << ' ' << y << endl << endl;



	cout << "Testing SmallChange" << endl;

	int a = 3, b = 7;

	cout << "in main a = " << a << " b = " << b << endl;

	SmallChange(a, b);

	cout << "in main a = " << a << " b = " << b << endl;



// These are the functions from the Little Function Lab.  You should be able to write them.

// distance, factorial, min, Money, IsSquare, IsLetter, Roll



// Some other funtions to write:

// CircleArea - argument radius, returns the area

// CircleCircumference - argument radius, returns the circumference

// RectArea - arguments height and width returns the area

// CircleFits arguments, x, y, r, returns true if fits in small window

// IsVowel char argument, true if char is a vowel

// IsPrime returns true iff int argument is prime

// argument a string, returns the number of words	// assume only letters and blanks

// IsOp returns true iff the char argument is '+', '-', '*', or '/'

// One function that uses reference parameters to get and return 

		// the user's firstname, lastname, street address, city, state, zipcode



// Arrays

	PressReturn("\nArrays");

	int A[8] = { 3, 5, 4, 2, -1, 7, 0, 6 };

	

	int J;

	for (J = 0; J < 8; J++)

		if (A[J] < 1) A[J] = 1;

	WriteArray(A, 8);



	for (J = 0; J < 7; J++)

		A[J] += A[J+1];

	WriteArray(A, 8);



	for (J = 0; J < 8; J++)

		A[J] = A[(J*J) % 8];

	WriteArray(A, 8);





// Strings

	PressReturn("\nStrings");

	string advice = "Don't go into the woods today.";

	cout << "advice = " << advice << endl;

	cout << "The number of characters in the advice string is: " << advice.length() << endl;

	int letters = 0, spaces = 0, vowels = 0;

	char ch; 

	for (J = 0; J < advice.length(); J++){

		ch = advice[J]; // ch hold the current letter so we don't have to look it up again

		if (('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z') || ('A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z')){

			letters++; // the current character is a letter

			if (('a' == ch || 'e' == ch || 'i' == ch || 'o' == ch || 'u' == ch)

				|| ('A' == ch || 'E' == ch || 'I' == ch || 'O' == ch || 'U' == ch))

				vowels++; // the current character is a vowel

		}

		else if (ch == ' ')

			spaces++; // the current character is a space

	}

	cout << letters << " letters     " 

		<< vowels << " vowels     " << spaces << " spaces" << endl;

	cout << "There are " << spaces + 1 << " words in the advice string." << endl;



// Text Files

	PressReturn("\nText Files");

	// This code opens the text file "twinkle.txt" that is in the local directory

	ifstream Fin("twinkle.txt");

	// This is another way to do the same thing

	// ifstream Fin;"

	// Fname = twinkle.txt";

	// Fin.open(Fname.c_str());

	

	ofstream Fout("newtwink.txt");	// newtwink is open for writing

	// Now we read from the file and write the lowercase letters to "newtwink.txt"

	while (Fin.get(ch)){

		if ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z')

			Fout << ch;

	}

	cout << "The file 'newtwink.txt' should now exist." << endl;



	// The lines below make sure that the graphics windows remain open just

	// before the program terminates



	PressReturn("\nThe main program is about to terminate\n");



	return 0;

}



// Functions definitions other than main



void somestuff()

{

	cout << "+=+=+=+" << endl;

}



void otherstuff()

{

	for (int K = 0; K < 6; K++)

		cout << K << ' ' << " *** ";

	cout << endl;

}



int F(int x, int y){

	if (x < y)

		return 2*x;	

	else

		return 2*y;;	

}



void WriteArray(int A[], int N){

	for (int J = 0; J < N; J++)

		cout << J << ' ' << A[J] << endl;

	cout << endl;

}



void SmallChange(int& x, int y){

	x = y + 10;

	y = x + 20;

	cout << "in SmallChange x = " << x << " y = " << y << endl;

}