1.       Message from the Dean............................................................................................... 3

2.       The Faculty.......................................................................................................................... 3

3.       Computing Facilities..................................................................................................... 5

4.       Master of Science Program.................................................................................... 5

Admissions Requirements................................................................................................. 5

Academic Requirements.................................................................................................... 6

Academic Probation............................................................................................................. 6

Time and Time Limitation.................................................................................................... 6

Transfer Credit...................................................................................................................... 7

Approved Courses................................................................................................................. 7

Specimen Academic Schedule...................................................................................... 10

Reading Courses................................................................................................................... 11

Master’s Thesis...................................................................................................................... 11

5.       Doctor of Philosophy Program....................................................................... 12

Admissions Requirements............................................................................................... 13

Academic Requirements.................................................................................................. 13

Time and Time Limitation.................................................................................................. 16

Transfer Credit.................................................................................................................... 16

Electives outside the College.................................................................................... 16

Specimen Curriculum....................................................................................................... 16

6.       Special Students........................................................................................................... 18

Admissions Requirements............................................................................................... 18

7.       Application Procedure and Financial Aid.................................................. 18

Application Procedure..................................................................................................... 18

Financial Aid and Graduate Assistantships.................................................... 19

  Stipend Graduate Assistantship..................................................................................... 19

  NUTA............................................................................................................................................. 19
  Dean's Scholarship............................................................................................................... 19

  OTHER.......................................................................................................................................... 20

8.       General Regulations................................................................................................. 20

Academic Integrity............................................................................................................ 20

The Transcript....................................................................................................................... 22

The Incomplete (I) Grade.................................................................................................. 22

9.       Course Descriptions.................................................................................................. 23

Interdisciplinary Courses............................................................................................. .23

MS Core Courses.................................................................................................................... 24

PHD Core courses.................................................................................................................. 25

Regular Courses................................................................................................................... 26

Readings, Projects, and Thesis Courses................................................................. 36

Co-op............................................................................................................................................. 37

10.    The University and the College.......................................................................... 38

Campus and Community.................................................................................................. 38

Student Group........................................................................................................................ 38

Tuition and Fees.................................................................................................................... 39

Housing....................................................................................................................................... 39

Additional Northeastern Information.............................................................. 39

Accreditation....................................................................................................................... 39

Delivery of Services............................................................................................................ 40

Equal Opportunity Employment Policy................................................................. 40

Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act.................................................... 40

Insufficient Enrollment Disclaimer....................................................................... 40

Tuition and Fee Policy....................................................................................................... 41

Tuition Default Policy..................................................................................................... 41

Cleary Act………………………………………………...…………………...…....41


1.       Message from the Dean

The College of Computer and Information Science is one of the leading research units at Northeastern University, with 24 faculty, approximately 100 Master's students (both full- and part-time), 55 PhD students, and $2.8 million in external research funding.

We offer an excellent environment for graduate education, with many exciting research projects, a wide spectrum of courses, and modern computing facilities. Our Master's program offers both thesis and non-thesis options, with the requirement of an in-depth study of at least one subfield of computer science. Our PhD program gives students the opportunity to publish journal papers and to give presentations at prestigious conferences.

Computer science is a vital discipline for the economies of New England and the United States. Not only is it important in its own right, it is becoming increasingly vital for the success and advancement of other sciences, manufacturing, and the arts. Donald Knuth has said that computer science is a field that attracts a different kind of thinker: one who thinks algorithmically, who can rapidly change levels of abstraction, thinking both “in the large” and “in the small”. The College welcomes such thinkers; we offer you an exciting, challenging, and rewarding experience.

2.       The Faculty

Dean of the College

Larry A. Finkelstein, PhD, Birmingham (England).  Symbolic problems in algebra, group theory algorithms and applications, fast algorithms for signal processing.

Associate Dean and Director of the Graduate Program

Agnes H. Chan, PhD, Ohio State.  Wireless security and cryptography.

Associate Dean and Director of the Undergraduate Program

Richard A. Rasala, PhD, Harvard.  Computer aided instruction, algorithm animation, graphics, multi-media, software engineering.

Trustee Professor

Matthias Felleisen, PhD, Indiana University.  Programming Languages.

Professors

Gene Cooperman, PhD, Brown.  Symbolic algebra, group theory algorithms and applications, large software systems, aspects of artificial intelligence.

Harriet J. Fell, PhD, MIT.  Interactive graphics systems, raster graphics algorithms, digital typography, cryptography.

Karl J. Lieberherr, PhD, ETH (Zurich). Tools for object-oriented design and programming.

Viera K. Proulx, PhD, Columbia. Parallel processing, distributed computer systems and architectures, educational software.

Betty J. Salzberg, PhD, Michigan.  Database implementation issues:  external sorting, access methods, concurrency and recovery.

Mitchell Wand, PhD, MIT.  The semantics of programming languages, program verification and construction, algebra and logic.

Patrick S. P. Wang, PhD, Oregon State.  Artificial intelligence, pattern recognition, programming languages, automata.

Associate Professors

Javed A. Aslam, PhD, MIT. Machine learning and information retrieval.

Kenneth P. Baclawski, PhD, Harvard.  Distributed and object-oriented database systems, high performance concurrency control methods, data semantics and view integration.

John Casey, BA, Boston College.  Exploring the possibilities of cooperation among numbers of computers on common tasks.

William Clinger, PhD, MIT.  Semantics and implementation of programming languages.

Robert P. Futrelle, PhD, MIT.  Artificial Intelligence and the construction of an intelligent “scientists’ assistant”.  Natural language and diagram understanding.  Representation and reasoning about biological knowledge.

Carole D. Hafner, PhD, Michigan.  Natural language processing, computational models of legal reasoning, legal information systems.

Michael Lipton, (joint appointment with Philosophy & Religion) PhD, MIT. Logic.

David Kaeli, (joint appointment with ECE), PhD, Rutgers University, computer architecture, code optimization and software engineering.

Rajmohan Rajaraman, PhD, University of Texas.  Algorithms,  distributed systems,  combinatorial optimization.

Ravi Sundaram, PhD, MIT. Network algorithms.

Ronald J. Williams, PhD, University of California. Connectionist networks, cognition, machine learning.

Assistant Professors

Timothy Bickmore, PhD, MIT. Human Computer Interaction, Information Science.

Guevara Noubir, PhD, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne.  Wireless networks, security, real-time systems.

Riccardo Pucella, PhD, Cornell University. Security in fault tolerant systems, modeling and reasoning about evidence.

Peter Tarasewich, PhD, University of Connecticut, Information Sciences.

Donghui Zhang, PhD, University of California, Databases.

Adjunct Professors

Leslie Schneider, PhD, Stanford University.

3.       Computing Facilities

The College of Computer and Information Science provides computing resources for both undergraduate and graduate courses in the College, for individual student projects, and for faculty research.  These facilities are constantly being upgraded to keep pace with developments in the computer industry. 

The College has three laboratories for student computation, housing a mix of UNIX and WindowsXP workstations. All faculty and supported graduate students have their own workstations. Our computing facilities are connected via a layer-3 switched ethernet 10/100/1000BT network. Wireless networking is available in our facility. Our research and teaching environments are serviced by a cadre of dedicated data servers including a Network Appliance F820 and six Sun Fire 280R servers.

4.       Master of Science Program

The College of Computer and Information Science offers students the opportunity to pursue studies in the broad field of computer science.  The program is designed for men and women who are seeking to prepare themselves for organizations that design, develop, market, or utilize computing systems.  A fundamental goal of the College is to help students develop the ability to recognize and solve problems arising in the use of modern digital computers in business and engineering as well as in educational and research environments.  In developing the skills necessary to achieve this goal, the student has the opportunity to assimilate ideas and concepts from theoretical studies and from in-depth, hands-on design and programming of both large time-sharing systems and single-user microcomputers.

Admissions Requirements

Applicants must submit an official application, official transcripts from all colleges/universities attended, a personal statement, official scores of the GRE General Test, and three letters of recommendation. International students must also submit official scores of the TOEFL examination. Acceptance into the College of Computer and Information Science is granted upon recommendation of the College Graduate Committee after a review of the completed application.

Candidates must have completed the undergraduate material listed below. 

·     Experience in some high level procedural language, e.g. C, C++, Java, Scheme, or Pascal 

·     Data Structures 

·     Computer Organization  

·     One year of college calculus 

·     Discrete Mathematics 

Industrial experience in these areas may be an acceptable substitute for formal coursework.  Students may be accepted provisionally while completing these deficiencies, and may take graduate courses concurrently as their preparation allows.

Academic Requirements

Thirty-two semester hours are required for the Master of Science in Computer Science.  These must include:

·     eight semester hours of core courses, CS G111 Principles of Programming Languages and CS G113 Algorithms,

·     four semester hours of core system courses:  CS G110 Managing Software Development or CS G112 Computer Systems, and

·     twenty semester hours of electives, eight of which must come from the same concentration area.  These electives may include readings, project, or a thesis.

A student must obtain a minimum grade point average of 3.000 among the core courses and a minimum overall average of 3.000.

Academic Probation

A student whose GPA (grade point average) falls below 3.00 will be automatically placed on academic probation and will be notified by the College.  Once on probation, a student has the following two academic semesters (summer excluded) to achieve a 3.00 GPA.  If at the end of those two semesters, the student's GPA is still unsatisfactory, the student will be dismissed from the graduate program.

Time and Time Limitation

The Graduate School of the College of Computer and Information Science offers courses during the fall and spring semesters.  A few summer courses may be offered. With careful planning, full-time students may be able to complete the MS program in three semesters.  Full-time students with assistantships normally complete the program in two years.  Part-time students usually elect one or two courses per academic semester and can complete the MS degree in two or three years. 

Course credits earned in the program of graduate study or accepted by transfer are valid for a maximum of seven years unless an extension is granted by the Graduate Committee of the College of Computer and Information Science.  Students should petition, in writing, to the Director of the Graduate School for such extensions.

Transfer Credit

A maximum of 9 semester hours of credit obtained at another institution may be accepted towards the degree, provided the credits consist of work taken at the graduate level for graduate credit, carry grades of 3.000 or better, have been earned at an accredited institution, and have not been used toward any other degree. Transfer credit will be offered only for courses that match a course offered at Northeastern University and that have been approved by the Graduate Committee.  However, no transfer credit will be given for courses listed below as Interdisciplinary Courses.

Approved Courses

MS Core

CS G107 Program Design Paradigms

CS G111 Principles of Programming Languages

CS G113 Algorithms

            System Core

CS G110 Managing Software Development

CS G112 Computer Systems

PhD Core

CS G711 Intensive Principles of Programming Languages

CS G712 Intensive Computer Systems

CS G713 Advanced Algorithms

CS G714 Theory of Computation

 

CONCENTRATIONS

Artificial Intelligence

CS G120 Foundations of Artificial Intelligence

CS G220 Machine Learning

CS G222 Knowledge-based Systems

CS G224 Natural Language Processing

CS G329 Special Topics in Artificial Intelligence

CS G720 Seminar in Artificial Intelligence

Database Management

CS G130 Introduction to Database Systems

CS G131 Implementation of Database Management Systems

CS G230 Data Mining Techniques

CS G339 Special Topics in Database Management

CS G730 Seminar in Database Systems

            Graphics

CS G140 Computer Graphics

CS G142 Digital Image Processing

CS G144 Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision

CS G349 Special Topics in Graphics/Image Processing

CS G740 Seminar in Graphics/Image Processing

Information Security

CS G252 Cryptography and Communication Security

CS G254 Network Security

CS G256 Privacy, Security and Usability

CS G274 Foundations of Formal Methods and Software Analysis

CS G379 Special Topics in Software Engineering – Software Security

Networks

CS G152 Fundamentals of Networking and Internetworking

CS G250 Wireless Networks

CS G252 Cryptography and Communication Security

CS G254 Network Security

CS G359 Special Topics in Networks

CS G750 Seminar in Computer Networks

CS G752 Seminar in Computer Security

            Programming Languages

CS G260 Advanced Software Development

CS G262 Compilers

CS G264 Semantics of Programming Languages

CS G369 Special Topics in Programming Languages

CS G760 Seminar in Programming Languages

CS G762 Seminar in Software Development

            Software Engineering

CS G170 Computer/Human Interaction

CS G270 Methods of Software Development

CS G272 Analysis of Software Artifacts

CS G274 Foundations of Formal Methods and Software Analysis

CS G260 Advanced Software Development

CS G379 Special Topics in Software Engineering

CS G770 Seminar in Software Engineering

            Systems

CS G175 Web Development

CS G180 Computer Architecture

CS G280 Parallel Computing

CS G254 Network Security

CS G389 Special Topics in Computer Systems

CS G780 Seminar in Computer Systems 

Theory

CS G290 Distributed Algorithms

CS G714 Theory of Computation

CS G252 Cryptography and Computer Security

CS G280 Parallel Computing

CS G399 Special Topics in Theoretical Computer Science

CS G790 Seminar in Theoretical Computer Science

            Reading and Project Courses

CS G664 MS Readings and Research in Computer Science

CS G674 Master’s Project in Computer Science

COP G650 Co-op

CS G684 Master’s Thesis in Computer Science

CS G685 Master’s Thesis in Computer Science II

CS G699 Master’s Thesis Continuation (0 SH)

CS G864 PhD Readings and Research in Computer Science

CS G894 PhD Dissertation in Computer Science

CS G899 PhD Dissertation Continuation

            Interdisciplinary Courses*

CS G100 Data Structures (not open to students in CCIS for credit)

CS G102 Database Management (not open to students in CCIS for credit)

CS G104 Computer Networks (not open to students in CCIS for credit)

IA G120 Security Risk Management & Assesssment

IA G124 Information System Forensics

IA G128 Ethics, Privacy & Digital Rights

* At most 8 semester credit hours of IA G120, IA G124, or IA G128 may be counted towards an MS degree in CS. No credit towards an MS degree in CS is given for CS G100, CS G102, or CS G104.

ELECTIVES

Any course that appears in a concentration above may count as an elective. Other courses offered at the graduate level at Northeastern University may be taken as electives provided written permission is given by the student's faculty advisor and approval is obtained from the Graduate Committee. Elective authorization petitions are available in the College Administrative Office at 202 WVH.

Specimen Academic Schedule

Most graduate courses in computer science are offered in the late afternoon and early evening, which enables many students to pursue their graduate degrees while continuing with their daytime employment. Courses may be offered in different semesters from year to year. However, the following schedule may serve as a general guide.

Currently, all courses in the College of Computer and Information Science are offered on the Boston campus only.

Graduate Course Offering Plan

2005- 2006

Fall 2005                                                         Spring 2006

 

CS G112 Computer Systems Development          CS G110 Managing Software

CS G113 Algorithms                                          CS G111 PPL                          

CS G711 Int. PPL                                             CS G712 Int. Computer Systems

CS G713 Advanced Algorithms                          CS G714 Theory of Computation

CS G130 Intro. to Database Systems                  CS G131 Impl. Of DB Systems

CS G242 Computational Imaging                        CS G140 Computer Graphics

CS G152 Fund. Of Comp Netwking/Internetwk   CS G254 Network Security

CS G252 Cryptography & Comp. Security          CS G262 Compilers

CS G170 Human/Computer Interaction               CS G270 Methods of Software Development

CS G280 Parallel Computing                              CS G120 Foundations of AI

CS G399 Special Topics in Theoretical                CS G224 Natural Language Processing

              Computer Science                                                                                                                                                                              

Interdisciplinary Courses                                           

CS G100 Data Structures *                                CS G102 Database Mgmt *

IA G100 Foundations of Inform’n Assurance*    IA G110 Computer Systems & Networks*

IA G128 Ethics, Privacy & Digital Rights            IA G120 Security Risk Management & Assessment

*  Not open to students in CCIS for degree credit

Please note that

(1) MS students interested in pursuing future PhD studies are encouraged to take the intensive core courses, in place of the regular core courses. Approval must be obtained from the instructor.

(2) Students without undergraduate OS background should take CS G112 before taking CS G712.

(3) At most 8 semester credit hours of IAG courses can be counted toward MS in CS.

(4) Course offerings are subject to change.

Reading and Project Courses

Every reading and/or project course requires a petition, approved by the Graduate Committee. Petitions are available in the College Administrative Office at 202 WVH.

Master's Thesis

The Master's thesis option consists of 8 semester hours of research, culminating into an MS. thesis. This can be accomplished through one of the following two options:

Option 1: Two 4 credit MS Thesis courses: CS G684 and CS G685 taken consecutively.

Option 2:  Either a Readings Course CS G664 or a Project Course CS G674, followed by MS Thesis CS G685 taken consecutively.

Both of these options may only be undertaken with the agreement of a thesis advisor and one other official reader.

Thesis Proposal

A student wishing to select the Master's thesis option must submit a short proposal to the Graduate Committee, signed by the advisor, which describes the project and lists the official reader.  The reader may be chosen from the faculty of the college, from another NU department, or from another institution or the industrial community when appropriate.  The proposal should be submitted at least one month before the thesis project is to begin.  The Graduate Committee may accept or reject the proposal, ask for revisions, or ask that additional readers be added to the proposal.  Both the merits of the proposal and the academic performance of the student will be considered in deciding whether to accept a proposal for the MS Thesis.

Thesis

The thesis advisor guides the research topic.  The result of the research is to be an original contribution to the field of Computer Science.  The thesis should be developed in terms of the current literature and will include a thorough literature search and review.  Emphasis is to be placed upon clear writing, logical development, and significance of the issues.  Acceptance of the thesis requires the agreement of the thesis advisor and the reader(s).

Thesis defense

The student will defend the thesis at a public presentation.  The defense will be directed by the thesis advisor and the reader(s) will be in attendance.  The thesis defense is open to anyone who wishes to attend.  The candidate will give a lecture on the subject of the thesis and this will be followed by questions from those in attendance concerning the results of the thesis as well as related matters.

Publication

Upon acceptance, the MS thesis will be issued as a College of Computer and Information Science technical report and a copy will be archived at the university library.

5.       Doctor of Philosophy Program

The goal of the PhD program is to equip its graduates to conduct state-of-the-art research in computer science, either in academia or in industry.  The curriculum aims to fulfill this goal by providing the student with:

1.   A broad background in the fundamentals of computer science.

2.   Advanced courses in the dissertation area.

3.       An intensive research experience, culminating in the writing of a dissertation.

 

Admissions Requirements

A Bachelor's degree in Computer Science or equivalent is required.

Applicants must submit an official application, official transcripts from all colleges/universities attended, a personal statement, official scores of the GRE general test, and three letters of recommendation.  International students must also submit official scores of the TOEFL examination. Acceptance to the College of Computer and Information Science is granted upon recommendation of the College Graduate Committee after a review of the completed application.

Academic Requirements

A minimum of 16 semester hours of course work beyond the Master's degree, or 48 semester hours of course work beyond the BS/BA degree, is required of all students. 

      Admission to Candidacy

All students must demonstrate sufficient knowledge in the fundamentals of computer science, as well as the ability to carry out research in an area of computer science.

      Course Requirements

All students are encouraged to enroll in a one credit seminar, CS G719, during their first year of study.  The seminar will feature research topics of interest to PhD students.  Each student is required to take six courses including:

Core:

·     CS G712        Intensive Systems;

·     CS G711        Intensive Principles of Programming Languages;

·     CS G713        Advanced Algorithms;

·     CS G714        Theory of Computation;

and two others from the designated courses in a field chosen from the list given below (usually in the student's area of specialization).

·     Artificial Intelligence

      CS G120 and CS G220

·     Database Management

      CS G130 and CS G131

·     Programming Languages and Software Design

      CS G260, CS G262, CS G264, or CS G369

 

·     Networks

      CS G152 and one other course under concentration (subject to approval)

·     Others

Approval by the Graduate Committee

     The student must maintain a minimum GPA of 3.5 among the six courses satisfying the above course requirement and a grade of B or better in each of these courses.   Students who have taken equivalent courses in other institutions may petition to be exempted from the course(s) (subject to the approval of the PhD Committee).  Each student may repeat a course once for no more than three out of the six courses if they do not receive a B or better in the course.  Students with an MS degree in Computer Science may petition to the PhD Committee for an exemption from these courses. Petition forms are available in the College Administrative Office at 202 WVH.

The fields listed do not necessarily represent areas of specialization or separate tracks within the PhD program.  Rather, they attempt to delineate areas on which the student must be examined in order to measure his or her ability to complete the degree.  Therefore, they may be adjusted in the future to reflect changes in the discipline of computer science and in faculty interests within the College of Computer and Information Science.

Similarly, these fields do not represent the only areas in which a student may write his or her dissertation.  They are, however, intended to serve as a basis for performing fundamental research in computer science.

      Research/Survey Paper

To demonstrate research ability, the student is required to submit to the PhD Committee a research paper or a survey paper in an area of specialty under the supervision of a faculty advisor.  Normally the length of the paper should not exceed 15 pages. A submitted paper from a student is considered to have fulfilled the Paper Requirement if

1.       The paper has been submitted to a selective conference,

2.       The student has made substantial contribution to the paper,

3.       The advisor has endorsed the paper with a written statement indicating the student’s contribution, and

4.       The PhD Committee has voted on a positive recommendation.

Upon completion of the course and the research paper requirements, the student is admitted to candidacy for the PhD degree.  It is highly recommended that the student complete the candidacy requirement by the end of his/her second year. 

 

      Residency

One year of continuous full-time study is required after admission to the PhD candidacy.  It is expected that during this period the student will make substantial progress in preparing for the Comprehensive Examination.

      Comprehensive Examination

The examination will be taken after the student has achieved sufficient depth in a field of study in order to prepare a prospectus for the PhD dissertation.  This process should take place no later than the fall semester of the fifth year in residence.

Prior to taking the Comprehensive Examination, the student will prepare a thesis proposal for the examination, which describes the proposed research including the relevant background materials from the literature.  The thesis proposal should clearly specify the research problems to be attacked, the techniques to be used, and a schedule of milestones towards completion.  Normally the thesis proposal should not exceed fifteen pages, excluding appendices and bibliography.  The thesis proposal must be approved by the Comprehensive Committee,

It is strongly recommended that the same members should serve on both the Comprehensive and Thesis Committees.  With the help of the advisor, a student will select the Comprehensive Committee consisting of 4 members to be approved by the PhD Committee.  The 4 members must include the advisor, 2 other faculty members from the College and an external examiner (optional for Comprehensive Committee).  To help the PhD Committee to make an informed decision, a copy of the external examiner’s resume should be submitted at the same time.

Upon approval of the written Proposal, the student has to present the proposed work orally in a public forum, followed by a closed-door oral examination from the Comprehensive Committee.  The student may not take the Comprehensive Examination more than two times.

      Doctoral Dissertation

Upon successful completion of solving the research proposed in the Thesis Proposal, the candidate will prepare the dissertation for approval by the Doctoral Committee.   The dissertation must contain results of extensive research and make an original contribution to the field of computer science.  The work should give evidence of the candidate's ability to carry out independent research.  It is expected that the dissertation should be of sufficient quality to merit publication in a reputable journal in computer science.

      Doctoral Committee

If the Thesis Committee is the same as the Comprehensive Committee, no further approval is needed.  If the Thesis Committee is changed in its composition, approval process will follow that of the Comprehensive Committee.

      Dissertation Defense

The dissertation defense is held in accordance with the regulations of the University Graduate Council. It will consist of a lecture given by the candidate on the subject matter of the dissertation. This will be followed by questions from the Doctoral Committee and others in attendance concerning the results of the dissertation as well as any related matters. The examination will be chaired by the PhD advisor.

Time and Time Limitation

After the establishment of degree candidacy, a maximum of five years will be allowed for the completion of the degree requirements, unless an extension is granted by the College Graduate Committee.

Transfer Credit

A maximum of 9 semester hours of credit obtained at another institution may be accepted towards the degree, provided the credits consist of work taken at the graduate level for graduate credit, carry grades of 3.000 or better, have been earned at an accredited institution, and have not been used toward any other degree.  No transfer credit will be given for courses listed as Interdisciplinary Courses.

Electives outside the College

Students are encouraged to take electives outside the College, with the approval of both the thesis advisor and the Director of Graduate Studies, as part of their study.  Relevant courses are typically offered in the departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mathematics, Philosophy, Psychology, and Sociology.  Courses in other areas may also be approved as part of the plan of study. 

Specimen Curriculum

Because a PhD program is highly individualized, it is inappropriate to sketch out a semester-by-semester, course-by-course program.  Instead, we will attempt to describe the major activities of each year's study for a hypothetical student.  Our hypothetical student comes to us with a BS in Computer Science and a firm plan to take a PhD  Along the way, we will comment on how the program might vary for other categories of students.

 

 

 

 

The following table provides a recommended course scheduling for a PhD Student:

Year

Fall Semester

Spring Semester