Develop Tetris. In this game there are seven kinds of
tetras (4 block pieces). A tetra falls from just above the top of the
10x20 block grid at a constant rate and as it falls the user can
navigate the tetra left and right and rotate the tetra. The tetra
cannot be moved off of the grid and once it lands on the base of the
grid or another tetra, it is frozen in position and a new tetra, of
randomly selected kind, falls from the ceiling. The game is over as
soon as a tetra lands but extends beyond the top of the grid.
Whenever a tetra lands, any full rows should be eliminated and all
blocks above that row should be moved down one unit.
Your game should support at least these keyboard commands:
- left arrow: Shift the current piece left.
- right arrow: Shift the current piece right.
- s: Rotate the current piece 90 degrees clockwise.
- a: Rotate the current piece 90 degrees counterclockwise.
Here are the seven kinds of tetras and their names:
-
"O"
-
"I"
-
"L"
-
"J"
-
"T"
-
"Z"
-
"S"
The following data definitions may or may not be useful (and
indicative of the kind of operations you might want to develop) for
writing this program:
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; Data Definitions
;; A Block is a (make-block Number Number Color)
(define-struct block (x y color))
;; A Tetra is a (make-tetra Posn BSet)
;; The center point is the point around which the tetra rotates
;; when it spins.
(define-struct tetra (center blocks))
;; A Set of Blocks (BSet) is one of:
;; - empty
;; - (cons Block BSet)
;; Order does not matter. Repetitions are NOT allowed.
;; A World is a (make-world Tetra BSet)
;; The BSet represents the pile of blocks at the bottom of the screen.
(define-struct world (tetra pile))
Rotations are difficult, so assuming the above data definitions,
this code will perform a counterclockwise rotation of a block around a
given point:
;; block-rotate-ccw : Posn Block -> Block
;; Rotate the block 90 counterclockwise around the posn.
(define (block-rotate-ccw c b)
(make-block (+ (posn-x c) (- (posn-y c) (block-y b)))
(+ (posn-y c) (- (block-x b) (posn-x c)))
(block-color b)))
A clockwise rotation is just the same as three counterclockwise rotations.
You may use local within existing functions to
encapsulate recursion.
Some advice:
-
Note that you must choose the rotation point for each tetra
carefully:
if the tetra's blocks are all grid aligned before the rotation,
you want them to be grid-aligned after the rotation, too.
For example, if you rotate the "long" tetra
(four blocks in a horizontal straight line)
around its exact center-point, it will wind up between two columns
of the grid. If you set the rotation point as the center of either
block 2 or block 3 in the tetra,
then the long tetra will rotate a bit eccentrically,
but blocks will always land on grid squares.
-
You may implement more features, if you like (e.g., fancy scoring,
increasing difficulty, game pausing). However, extra features won't
save you from points taken off if your code has bugs or isn't well
written. You will not receive 100% credit simply for having code that
works. For full credit, your code must work and be well written. So
you should put your effort into writing clean, readable, bug-free
code.
-
As always, we advise you that the Design Recipe will help you get
your code written.